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Sattainathar Temple, Sirkazhi
Sattainathar temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Sirkali, Tamil Nadu, India.〔''Census of India, 1961, Volume 7; Volume 9''〕 The temple is incarnated by the hymns of Thevaram and is classified as ''Paadal Petra Sthalam''.
Sirkali Bhramapureeswarar is an ancient temple complex with three different Shiva Shrines. The Bhramapureeswarar shrine is housed in the lower level. The second level houses Periyanakar with Periyanayaki on a ''Thoni'', hence the name Thoniappar. Sattainathar/Vatukanathar is also housed here. From the steps leading to the Toniappar and the Vatukanathar shrine, one can grasp the entire layout of this vast temple, its ''gopurams'' and ''mandapams''. There are 22 ''Theerthams'' associated with this shrine. Three different forms of Shiva are worshipped here, the Shivalingam (Bhrammapureeswarar), a colossal image of Uma Maheswarar (Toniappar) at the medium level, and Bhairavar (Sattanathar) at the upper level. The temple is known by the legend of child Sambandar who is believed to have been fed by Parvathi on the banks of the temple tank. The child later went on to compose ''Tevaram'', a Saiva canonic literature on Shiva and became one of the most revered Saiva poets in South India.
==Etymology and origin==
In ancient times, this town had twelve different names, including Brahmapuram, Venupuram, Thonipuram, Kazhumalam, Pugali, Sirkazhiswaram and Shri Kali.
As per popular belief, Kali is believed to have worshipped the presiding deity, Brahmapureeswarar, and thus the place came to been known as ''Srikalipuram'', which went on to become ''Shiyali''. According to Hindu legend, during one of the biggest deluges that submerged the planet earth, Hindu god Shiva is said to have carried the 64 arts on a raft (called ''Thoni'' in Tamil). The presiding deity in the temple, Shiva, is thus called "Thoniappar" (the one who carried the raft) and the region is called "Thonipuram". The Hindu god Brahma is believed to have worshiped Shiva here, giving the name "Bhramapureeswarar" (the one worshipped by Brahma) and so the region is also referred as "Bhramapureeswaram". Shiva is believed to have quelled the arrogance of Hindu god Vishnu, after showing his dominance over the three worlds and hence got the name "Sattainathar" here. The town is thus called "Sattainathapuram", which in modern times, is a suburb within Sirkazhi. The town was known as "Kalumalam" during the early Chola period. Thirugnanasambandar, the seventh century Saiva nayanar, as an infant is believed to have been fed with the milk of wisdom by the divine mother Parvati on the banks of the temple tank. The child Sambandar started singing the anthology of ''Tevaram'' hymns from then on, commencing with "Todudaiya Seviyan". Sambandar refers the town as "Kazhi" in his verses. It was called Shiyali during British rule, and after Independence, it was renamed "Sirkazhi".
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